瀝青混合料占用泵用NYP-110-RU-T2-W51高粘度泵配YCJ112-15KW-305減速機

     瀝青屬于憎水性材料，它不透水，也幾乎不溶于水、丙酮、乙醚、稀乙醇，溶于二硫化碳、四氯化碳、氫氧化鈉。瀝青及其煙氣對皮膚粘膜具有刺激性，有光毒作用和致癌作用。我國三種主要瀝青的毒性：煤焦瀝青>頁巖瀝青>石油瀝青，前二者有致癌性。瀝青的主要皮膚損害有：光毒性皮炎，皮損限于面、頸部等暴露部分；黑變病，皮損常對稱分布于暴露部位，呈片狀，呈褐－深褐－褐黑色；職業(yè)性痤瘡；疣狀贅生物及事故引起的熱燒傷。此外，尚有頭昏、頭脹，頭痛、胸悶、乏力、惡心、食欲不振等全身癥狀和眼 、鼻、咽部的刺激癥狀。Asphalt is hydrophobic material, it impermeable, almost insoluble in water, dilute ethanol, acetone, ether, soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, sodium hydroxide.Asphalt and flue gas of skin mucous membrane irritation, has the light effect and the effect that cause cancer.China's three major asphalt toxicity: coal tar > > oil shale asphalt asphalt, before both have carcinogenicity.The main skin lesions are: asphalt light contact dermatitis, skin confined to the face, neck and other exposed parts;Melanosis, skin lesions often symmetrical distributed in the exposed parts, plate shaped, brown - deep brown - brown-black;Occupational acne;Verrucous vegetations and the accident cause thermal burns.In addition, there are dizziness, head bilges, headache, chest tightness, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite and other systemic symptom and eye, nose, pharynx and irritation.

    煤焦瀝青Coal tar: 煤焦瀝青是煉焦的副產(chǎn)品，即焦油蒸餾后殘留在蒸餾釜內(nèi)的黑色物質(zhì)。它與精制焦油只是物理性質(zhì)有分別，沒有明顯的界限，一般的劃分方法是規(guī)定軟化點在26．7℃（立方塊法）以下的為焦油，26．7℃以上的為瀝青。煤焦瀝青中主要含有難揮發(fā)的蒽、菲、芘等。這些物質(zhì)具有毒性，由于這些成分的含量不同，煤焦瀝青的性質(zhì)也因而不同。溫度的變化對煤焦瀝青的影響很大，冬季容易脆裂，夏季容易軟化。加熱時有特殊氣味；加熱到260℃在5小時以后，其所含的蒽、菲、芘等成分就會揮發(fā)出來。Coal tar is a by-product of coking, namely tar distillation residue in distillation kettle black material.It has respectively with refined tar is only physical properties, there is no clear boundaries, is the way of dividing rules softening point in commonly 26.7 ℃ (cube method) for tar, under 26.7 ℃ above for asphalt.Coal tar mainly contains difficult volatilization of anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, etc.These substances have toxic, because the content of these compounds is different, the properties of coal tar are so different.The change of temperature has much effect on the coal tar, winter easy embrittlement, summer is easy to soften.Heating from time to tome special smell;Heated to 260 ℃ after 5 hours, its composition such as anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene will evaporate.
    石油瀝青asphalt:石油瀝青是原油蒸餾后的殘渣。根據(jù)提煉程度的不同，在常溫下成液體、半固體或固體。石油瀝青色黑而有光澤，具有較高的感溫性。由于它在生產(chǎn)過程中曾經(jīng)蒸餾至400℃以上，因而所含揮發(fā)成分甚少，但仍可能有高分子的碳氫化合物未經(jīng)揮發(fā)出來，這些物質(zhì)或多或少對人體健康是有害的。Petroleum asphalt is after crude distillation residue.Depending on the degree of refining, into a liquid, semi-solid or solid at room temperature.Petroleum pitch dark and luster, has higher heat resistance.Because it had distillation in the production process to more than 400 ℃, thus contained little volatile component, but may still have high polymer without volatile hydrocarbons, which more or less is harmful to human health.
    天然瀝青Natural asphalt:天然瀝青儲藏在地下，有的形成礦層或在地殼表面堆積。這種瀝青大都經(jīng)過天然蒸發(fā)、氧化，一般已不含有任何毒素。Natural asphalt storage in underground, some forming seam or piled up in the earth's crust surface.The asphalt mostly through the natural evaporation and oxidation, generally do not contain any poison.
    瀝青材料分為地瀝青和焦油瀝青兩大類。地瀝青又分為天然瀝青和石油瀝青，天然瀝青是石油滲出地表經(jīng)長期暴露和蒸發(fā)后的殘留物；石油瀝青是將精制加工石油所殘余的渣油，經(jīng)適當(dāng)?shù)墓に囂幚砗蟮玫降漠a(chǎn)品。焦油瀝青是煤、木材等有機物干餾加工所得的焦油經(jīng)再加工后的產(chǎn)品。工程中采用的瀝青絕大多數(shù)是石油瀝青，石油瀝青是復(fù)雜的碳氫化合物與其非金屬衍生物組成的混合物。通常瀝青閃點在240℃~330℃之間，燃點比閃點約高3℃~6℃度，因此施工溫度應(yīng)控制在閃點以下。Asphalt material divided into two categories, pitch and bitumen.Asphalt is divided into natural asphalt and petroleum asphalt, natural bitumen is oil seepage surface after long exposure and evaporation residue;Petroleum asphalt is a residual of residual oil will be refined processing, after appropriate processing products.Bitumen is coal, wood and other organic matter carbonization processing tar after reprocessing of products.Engineering used in the asphalt is the vast majority of asphalt, asphalt is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with nonmetal derivatives.Usually asphalt flash point between 240 ℃ ~ 330 ℃, flash point is higher than flash point about 3 ℃ ~ 6 ℃ degrees, so the construction temperature should be controlled below the flash point.v

    ●高粘度齒輪泵并不能產(chǎn)生壓力，它只是輸出流量。壓力低或無壓力，說明高粘度齒 輪泵沒有吸入液體或泄漏嚴(yán)重。 High viscosity gear pump does not generate pressure, it is only the output flow.Pressure is low or no pressure, high viscosity gear wheel pump don't inhale the liquid or leakage is serious.

　　電動機輸出功率偏小、齒 輪泵排量選得過大或壓力調(diào)得過高時，也會造成壓力不足 當(dāng)然，壓力表損壞或壓力表節(jié)流孔堵塞時也顯示不出壓力，此時可換裝一個新的壓力表檢查。 Small motor output power, gear wheel pump capacity to choose too large or pressure too high, can cause stress Pressure gauge damage or pressure gauge orifice jams, of course, also could not show pressure, can change a new pressure gauge to check at this time.

　　如果確認泵無流量輸出，可能是由于泵安裝有誤、泵的轉(zhuǎn)向不對，或吸人側(cè) ( 進液口及吸液管道 ) 堵塞、出口止回閥裝反或卡死了，也有可能是驅(qū)動軸斷裂了。 If confirmed that no flow pump output, could be turned to the pumps due to pump installation is wrong, wrong, or suction side (liquid into the mouth and suck liquid pipeline jam, export check valve installed backwards, or card is dead, it is possible that the drive shaft fracture.

　　高粘度泵在轉(zhuǎn)速過低時會引起出液量不足，這種現(xiàn)象往往是由于泵的驅(qū)動裝置打滑或功率不足所致。此時應(yīng)檢查齒 輪泵的實際轉(zhuǎn)速、泵與電動機的聯(lián)接及功率匹配情況等。 High viscosity pump in low speed can cause insufficient quantity of produced liquid, this phenomenon is often due to the slippage of the pump drive or insufficient power.Check the gear wheel pump at this time of the actual speed, pump and motor connection and power matching, etc.
    ●高粘度泵在開始運轉(zhuǎn)前，往齒輪泵的殼體內(nèi)灌滿待輸送的液體，便于安全啟動。若環(huán)境溫度低于冰點，應(yīng)預(yù)先向泵內(nèi)通入熱蒸汽，進行預(yù)熱處理，然后才可啟動齒輪泵。高粘度泵的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向要與進、出油口相符。齒輪泵若是第一次運行，或長期閑置后再使用，最好在空載或小負荷情況下先跑合一小時左右。如果在跑合階段預(yù)先覺察出異常溫升、泄漏、振動和噪聲時，應(yīng)停機檢查。高粘度齒輪泵的支座或法蘭與其驅(qū)動電機應(yīng)采用共同的安裝基礎(chǔ)，基礎(chǔ)、法蘭或支座均需具有足夠的剛度，以減小齒輪泵運轉(zhuǎn)時產(chǎn)生的振動和噪聲。電動機與齒輪泵須用彈性聯(lián)軸器連接，同軸度小于 0.1 毫米，傾斜角不得大于 1 度。安裝聯(lián)軸器時不得用錘敲打，以免傷害齒輪泵的齒輪等零件。若用帶輪、鏈輪等驅(qū)動時應(yīng)設(shè)托架支承，以防主動齒輪軸承受徑向力。緊固齒輪泵、電動機的地腳螺釘時，螺釘受力應(yīng)均勻，連接可靠。用手轉(zhuǎn)動聯(lián)軸器時，應(yīng)感覺到齒輪泵能夠輕松地轉(zhuǎn)動，沒有卡緊等異�，F(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)，然后才可以配管。 High viscosity pump before starting work, to gear pump casing filled with liquid, facilitate safe launch.If the environment temperature is below freezing, should advance to pump into the hot steam, preheating treatment, and then to start the pump.The direction of rotation of the pump with high viscosity, oil outlet in accord.Gear pump is the first run, or long-term idle before using, had better under the condition of no load or small load to run one hour or so.If in the running-in stage in advance detect abnormal temperature rise, leakage, vibration and noise, should stop check.High viscosity gear pump bearing or flange should adopt a common drive motor installationFoundation, foundation, flange or support all needs to have enough rigidity, to reduce the vibration of gear pump is running and noise.Motor and gear pump with elastic shaft coupling, coaxial degree is less than 0.1 mm, Angle shall not be greater than 1 degree.When installing coupling hammer shall not be used, in order to avoid damage of the gear pump gearAnd other parts.If use the belt wheel, wheel, etc, shall set bracket support, in case of driving gear bearing by the radial force.Ground screw fastening gear pump, motor, screw force should be uniform, reliable connection.Turn the coupling with the hand, should feel can easily turn the gear pump, no abnormal phenomenon such as clamping, then can be piping.

    高粘度齒輪泵的吸油管道內(nèi)徑應(yīng)足夠大，并避免狹窄通道或急劇拐彎、減少彎頭，去除不必要的閥門、附件，盡可能地降低泵的安裝高度，縮短吸油管道的長度，以減少壓力損失。管接頭等元件的密封要良好，以防止空氣侵入，從而控制氣穴與氣蝕的發(fā)生。止回閥與安全閥在齒輪泵的輸出管路上最好安裝一個止回閥。這樣在檢修泵及輸出管道時，系統(tǒng)中的液體不會發(fā)生倒流。齒輪泵帶負荷停車時，亦可防止泵倒轉(zhuǎn)而在其輸出管道內(nèi)產(chǎn)生局部真空。應(yīng)當(dāng)注意，出口止回閥不能裝反或出現(xiàn)卡死現(xiàn)象。高粘度泵的出口管路上還應(yīng)當(dāng)設(shè)置安全閥等保護裝置，這樣一旦泵的出口通道發(fā)生堵塞，就可以打開安全閥卸壓。安全閥可以與泵體或泵蓋鑄成一體，也可以單獨裝配。對于需要正反轉(zhuǎn)的高粘度齒輪泵，其進出口管路上均需設(shè)置安全閥。 High viscosity gear pump oil suction pipe diameter should be large enough, and to avoid the narrow channel, or a sharp turn, reducing elbow, remove unnecessary valves, fittings, as much as possible to reduce the installation height of pump, shorten the length of the oil suction pipe, in order to reduce the pressure loss.Components, such as pipe joint sealed well, in order to prevent the air intrusion, thus control air-pocket and the occurrence of cavitation.Check valve and relief valve on the output of the gear pump tube had better install a check valve.In the overhaul pump and output pipe, the system of fluid backflow will not occur.Gear pump to stop loading machine, can be in the output pipe to prevent pump reverse, and create a partial vacuum.It should be noted that the outlet check valve cannot be installed backwards or stuck.High viscosity of the pump outlet pipe also shall set up relief valve or other protective device on the road, so that once the clogging pump export channels, can open the relief valve pressure relief.The relief valve can be cast and pump body and pump cover, also can separate assembly.For high viscosity gear pump need positive &negative, import and export all needs to set up the line safety valve.
     ●起動前要檢查下列內(nèi)容： 1. 檢查泵、齒輪箱和電機的對中程度； 2. 檢查過濾器中有沒有焊皮和金屬渣； 3. 檢查各連接部位連接是否緊固； 4. 檢查管路壓在泵上的力和力矩是否超過給定的數(shù)值，如果溫度較高，還應(yīng)檢查管路是否有膨脹節(jié)； 5. 檢查電氣連接的正確性及電機的額定值，并檢查電機轉(zhuǎn)動方向是否正確； 6. 檢查泵的轉(zhuǎn)動方向是否正確； 7. 如有安全閥，安全閥安裝必須正確， 8. 檢查泵軸是否轉(zhuǎn)動靈活； 9. 泵的內(nèi)部不能是干的，特別是需要自吸的時候，應(yīng)向泵內(nèi)灌注一些油或輸送的液體； 10. 泵組裝時在零件的表面有防護液，如果這種液體不能和泵送液體相容，則必須清洗； 11. 最好在管路上安裝壓力表和真空表，方便觀察泵的工作狀態(tài)； 12. 檢查機械密封箱是否注滿液體； 13. 檢查管路的閥門是否打開； 14. 如果用內(nèi)燃機驅(qū)動，請在起動發(fā)動機前保持離合器脫開； 泵起動后，檢查液體是否進入到泵中，泵是否工作正常，如果長時間無液體進入泵中，應(yīng)停機檢查泵及管路。